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INFOSYS110

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Digital Systems

SUMMER SEMESTER, 2021

SECTION A:

APPLIED MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

●   Answer ALL questions in this section.

●   There are 20 applied multiple choice questions. Each question is worth 2.5 marks.

●    Choose the one answer that you consider to be the best.

●   To indicate your answer, use a dark pencil (or a pen) to shade in neatly the matching bubble on the Teleform sheet.

1.   MONT, a cosmetics retailer, wishes to implement a centralised data warehouse. Their CEO is convinced that it is a competitive necessity in today’s business world. MONT has ten stores across New Zealand plus an online store. MONT’s CEO has recently learned about the “garbage in, garbage out” (GIGO) problem and wants to avoid having garbage in MONT’s data warehouse. What could MONT do to reduce the GIGO problem in their data warehouse?

a.   Implement an enterprise architecture with a resilient information architecture

b.   Check for viruses and security threats at each store

c.   Do nothing since GIGO only applies to databases, not data warehouses

d.   Attempt to cleanse/transform the data extracted from its various stores before loading it into the data warehouse

e.   Design a very robust data warehouse

2.   A salesperson of a retail store is more likely to review sales reports with a granularity rather than with a granularity, compared to a manager of the retail chain.

a.   Coarse; fine

b.   Strategic; tactical

c.   Vertical; horizontal

d.   Tactical; operational

e.   Fine; coarse

3.   Consider this: If your lecturer told your friend your test mark, is the most relevant principle of information security that has been violated.

a.   Privacy

b.   Non-repudiation

c.   Confidentiality

d.   Integrity

e.   Availability

4.   With regards to decision making, the time between a student submitting an assignment on Canvas and a lecturer returning the graded assignment to the student is known as:

a.   Action latency

b.   Data latency

c.   Decision latency

d.   Assignment latency

e.   Analysis latency

5.   As briefly discussed in the lectures,  students  can view  their  marked  scripts  in Crowdmark/Canvas using  a web browser on a PC. Considering  these  systems’ technologies: the web browser is ; the PC is ; and scripts are received from Crowdmark/Canvas’ DBMS using .

a.   Software; networks; hardware

b.   Hardware; software; software

c.   All of the options are valid as software, hardware, and network components are interchangeable

d.   Software; hardware; networks

e.   Hardware; networks; software

6.   In 2012, Microsoft launched Microsoft YouthSpark, a youth-serving initiative offering free programmes  and  resources  devoted to  educational,  entrepreneurial and  employment opportunities. This is an example of activities performed at which level of the Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility?

a.   Philanthropic responsibilities

b.   Ethical responsibilities

c.   Legal responsibilities

d.   Communitywide responsibilities

e.   Educational responsibilities

7.   Target  analysed  the  products  that  women  added  to  their  baby  shower  registries  to determine which products women bought when they were pregnant. This allowed them to determine a pregnancy prediction score which they used to target their advertising. The data mining technique associated with recommending products based on purchase history is known as:

a.   Cluster Analysis

b.   Classification Analysis

c.   Association Detection

d.   Regression Analysis

e.   Outlier Detection

8.   If a University of Auckland employee wants to log in to the University’s HR system, they have to enter their UPI, password, followed by a code sent to their smartphones. This is an example of:

a.   Passphrasing

b.   Access Control

c.   Two-factor authentication

d.   One-factor authentication

e.   Authorisation

9.   Consider the Heathrow T5 case discussed in the lecture. The opening day for Terminal 5 was a disaster with dozens of flights cancelled and staff having to deal with a backlog of 15,000 bags. This was because the phase of the SDLC of the project did not consider real-world conditions.

a.   Maintenance

b.   Testing

c.   Operations

d.   Implementation

e.   Analysis

10.A hairdresser decided to bring his store online by selling his organic hair dye concoctions via apps to attract more customers. To make this a reality, he hired an app designer, and he emphasised that the app should be designed to allow for ease of navigation and maintenance. Which of the following two measures of what constitutes a quality of system did he emphasise on?

a.   Reliability and Supportability

b.   Functionality and Supportability

c.   Usability and Supportability

d.   Usability and Reliability

e.   Usability and Performance

Consider the case below to answer the following three questions (11-13):

In Dec 2014, the German government published a report detailing an attack on a steel plant by a group of cybercriminals. The attack began with the attackers sending targeted emails that appear to come from a trusted source, tricking the recipients into opening a .exe file attachment where a program is downloaded to their computer. The program downloaded enabled the attackers to infiltrate  the  plant’s  control  system,  turning  off the fire  detection  and  extinguishing  systems resulting in a fiery explosion.

Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30575104

11. In which security domain(s) has/have this breach of information security occurred?

a.   Ethical and physical

b.   Digital only

c.   Physical only

d.   Ethical and digital

e.   Physical and digital

12. The email sent is a form of:

a.   Cyber threat

b.   Genuine email

c.   Hacking attack

d.   Phishing attack

e.   Technical engineering attack

13. Which of the following is most likely to be the nature of the .exe file attachment?

a.   A Hackathon

b.   A Tapeworm

c.   A Phish

d.   A HTTP Cookie

e.   A Trojan Horse

Consider the diagram below to answer the following three questions (14-16):

14. The author Sally Hemmings used which publisher?

a.   City Light Books

b.   O’Reilly Press

c.   Random House

d.   Fluid Dynamics of Aquaducts

e.   Wiley and Sons

15. How many records are on display?

a.   12

b.   15

c.   44

d.   Impossible to tell

e.   3

16. If some of the “Date” values were missing from the table, this would compromise which measure(s) of information quality?

a.   Consistency and completeness

b.   Completeness

c.   Timeliness

d.   Accuracy

e.   Accuracy and completeness

17. In class, we discussed that disruptive technologies “shake up” existing markets and often result in new markets. Businesses in the “shaken up” markets are forced to respond in order to remain competitive and sustainable. Businesses whose enterprise architectures are founded on the principle(s) of are best prepared to respond.

a.   Scalability

b.   Speed and quality

c.   Flexibility and agility

d.   Data security

e.   Ease of use

18. Due to climate change, farmers are increasingly reliant on sensors to collect real-time weather data to help make better weather predictions. These sensors are valuable in assisting the farmers to save costs and make proactive decisions, for example, notifying farmers to irrigate the farm only when needed. This is an example of putting the Internet of Things to work via:

a.   Process Optimisation

b.   Optimised resource consumption

c.   Enhanced situational awareness

d.   Complex autonomous system

e.   Tracking behaviour

Consider the Excel Sheet below to answer the following two questions (19 & 20):

19. What formula should be entered in cell E8 to help retrieve the lowest Price (per kg)?

a.   =MIN(B2:B10)

b.   = MINIMUM(B2:B10)

c.   =LOWEST(B2:B10)

d.   =MINIMUM(B1:B10)

e.   =MINIMISE(B2:B10)

20. Which formula should be entered in cell E6, in order to look up the price for cherries?

a.   =VLOOKUP(A6,A1:B10,2, TRUE)

b.   =VLOOKUP(B6,A2:B10,1, TRUE)

c.   =VLOOKUP(A6,A1:B10,1, FALSE)

d.   =VLOOKUP(A6,A2:B10,1, TRUE)

e.   =VLOOKUP(A6,A2:B10,2,FALSE)

SECTION B:

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Refer to the Exam Case at the end of this booklet to answer ALL questions in this section.

21. LeanVision’s food waste management process is outlined below.

The  kitchen  staff  member  places  the  food  into  the  bin.  LeanVision’s  smart  camera proceeds to scan the food to identify whether it is a new food item or a previously identified food item. If a new food waste is being identified, LeanVision will then prompt the kitchen staff member to enter the food type. Once the food type is   identified, LeanVision will proceed to capture a picture of the food, weigh the food and send details through to the central system for reporting and analysis. If the food item has already been previously scanned, LeanVision will automatically identify and weigh it. As LeanVision’s identification accuracy improves as it learns, staff will be prompted to verify the identified food waste if this particular food item has only been previously scanned less than 5 times. If a specific food waste has been scanned more than 5 times, staff will no longer be prompted as LeanVision can now independently identify the type. After LeanVision saves details of this food waste, LeanVision will run a quick analysis to determine whether it is a high waste item. If so, LeanVision will send a notification to the kitchen manager. If it is not a high waste item, LeanVision will send details to the central system for reporting and analysis.

In the process map template (found in your answer booklet), fill in the blanks (A to J) using the following options (write the corresponding numbers into the boxes on the template):

1.Food	2.Kitchen	3.Has the food	4.High waste	5.Food enters
scanning	prompted	type been	item?	bin
		confirmed for >=5 times?
6.New food?	7.Details sent to central system for reporting and analysis	8.Kitchen manager notified	9.Quick analysis	10.Details of food waste saved

(10 marks)

22. Consider the use of LeanVision by All Seasons (in the test case):

•    Outline THREE functionalities of LeanVision.

•    Information systems consist of interwoven components that deliver value. Provide an example of each component for LeanVision.

•    Briefly justify which broad system would LeanVision be part of.      (10 marks)

23. Reflecting on the numerous data and insights generated by LeanVision:

•    Identify  ONE  example  of “Transactional”  and “Analytical”  information  that  can  be generated from the use of LeanVision.

•    Identify FOUR examples of data inputs for each type of information generated above.

•    Suggest what insight All Seasons gains (or could gain) from each information in order to generate value for its business. (10 marks)

24. With the immensely positive outcomes seen from the incorporation of LeanVision in All Seasons’ central store in Portland, All Seasons has decided to further invest in deploying the LeanVision system in 10 of its other stores. Thomas, the project manager overseeing the project has been allocated with a budget of $200 million. The project is scheduled to commence on the 1st of March 2021. All activities must be completed by the 30th of March 2023.  Thomas  and  his  team  discussed,  and  all  agreed  that  the  project  is  feasible. However, shortly after the start of the project, Thomas was told by his manager that All Seasons had changed their mind, and they now want to implement LeanVision in all their stores, instead of just the 10 stores initially selected. Identify the initially agreed upon and the revised time, cost, and scope constraints of this project. Suggest one way Thomas can “balance” the constraints of this  project. Also,  briefly discuss the  impact of your suggestion on the “quality” of the project. (8 marks)

25. In this course we have frequently discussed how information systems and technologies (IS/IT) and operations management (OM) techniques, when used well, generate business value. For each of the categories of value below, provide an example of how All Seasons’s use and/or planned use of LeanVision help generate value for itself, or its customers.

•    Reduce process cycle time

•    Reduce Costs

•    Increase Customer Satisfaction

•    Create new revenue streams

For each example, provide:

•     a specific key performance indicator (KPI) to measure that value; and

•     a benchmark, which All Seasons could compare the KPI against.     (12 marks)

Test Case - LeanVision: Solution to Preventing and Reducing Food Waste

All Seasons is a gourmet grocer based in Portland, with 21 stores along the West Coast.  It consists of a wide range of high quality organic and locally produced goods, and it also operates a central kitchen that produces 20 thousand loaves of bread, pastry items and prepared foods daily. All  Seasons  has  always  been  focused  on  lessening  its  impact  on  the  planet.  It  had been tracking food waste manually before automating the process by implementing LeanVision. Now in the fifth month of using LeanVision, All Seasons has prevented over 40,000 kilograms of food from being wasted: a reduction of 22 percent of its wastes.

LeanVision is a food-waste-prevention system    that    combines    automated software with a tablet interface, a smart weighing bin with a camera attached. As unsold food is thrown straight into the garbage can, LeanVision’s camera detects    and    identifies    the    food discarded. The garbage bin sits on top of a scale, allowing the system to know just how much food is being tossed. As the    system    learns    through    time, LeanVision recognises different foods being thrown in the bin and calculates the discarded food's financial cost.

LeanVision then uses the information collected to produce regular reports with calculations of the overall volume, value and environmental impact of the waste. With these reports readily at hand, chefs and kitchen managers can then see what foods they are making too much of. Furthermore, with All Season’s automated  inventory  management system  being  linked to  LeanVision, the system  has  better enabled All Seasons to  reorder products accordingly,  by  buying only the products when they need it, and in turn, reduces food wastes.

As LeanVision learns the kitchen’s daily operations, LeanVision also gives further insights into high waste items. For example, one of the high waste items the LeanVision data identified was Baby Cos lettuce waste from spoilage and trimmings. All Seasons’ manager, Griffin, and her team took the initial data and decided to retrain the prepping staff on the lettuce production to ensure full usage. This is followed by the implementation of new quality checks. LeanVision helped track the results of these efforts, accompanied by visualisations of discarded lettuces. With these reports at hand, Griffin quickly realised that the root of the problem was the supplier, which led to her decision to switch to a different supplier who delivers better quality Baby Cos lettuce. As a result, the kitchen orders a lower quantity or lettuces and is spending fewer labour hours prepping because they are now getting higher yield per head of lettuce.

Nevertheless, All Seasons could soon add value to its business by incorporating LeanVision’s new analytical feature to refine its menu recommendations based on the weather forecast and customers’ food preferences. This, in turn, would delight customers by making sure that their go- to  products will  be freshly  made and available. All Seasons would also benefit from this  by avoiding under- and over-production of certain food items and increased sales.

Adapted from:https://blog.leanpath.com/new-seasons-grocery-food-waste-case-study

https://foodtank.com/news/2020/04/how-winnow-is-using-artificial-intelligence-to-help-kitchens- end-food-waste/