CPE61012 Energy Systems and Management resit

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Energy Systems and Management Coursework (100%)

Introduction

The purpose of this coursework is for you to apply your knowledge, demonstrate your abilities in analysing energy data from an energy audit, develop energy management solutions and plan based on your analysis, make recommendations, produce an energy report and present your findings. By completing this coursework you will gain experience of developing energy management solutions too.

Your energy audit and report is based on data from a real site located in the UK. The actual data and details of the site are given in the case study.

Steps

It may help you to think through the following steps to complete the audit and report:
1. Study the case study (e.g. location, site type and use etc.)
2. Obtain the energy data and other information (some information requires some level of research)
3. Analyse the energy audit data and other gathered data for the site
4. Carry out a preliminary assessment of energy saving opportunities
5. Prepare your elevator pitch presentation slides based on your preliminary analysis (20% of the overall mark)
6. Carry out in depth calculations and analysis
7. Develop your energy saving solutions (see Part 2 Scope)
8. Compile and write your energy report using the template available (80% of the overall mark)

Part 1: Elevator Pitch Presentation (maximum 5 slides) (20%)

You are required to produce an elevator pitch slide presentation to present your preliminary findings and recommendations. The target audience of the presentation is the senior management of the site.

An elevator pitch is a short, concise, pre-planned presentation that tells your story and should be persuasive to get the site management’s buy-in for your early recommendations identified by analysing the site data. Treat it as a sales pitch. The pitch must be concise, relevant, useful and meaningful to the audience in this case senior management of the site.

You can use MS PowerPoint or any other slide making software to create your slides. Your slides should be self-explanatory however, you may add your narratives to the slides as you wish.

You are required only to submit your presentation slides on the course site and there is no actual presentation session.

Feedback:

You will receive a written feedback on your elevator pitch which you can use the feedback to improve your solutions and energy saving assessment for the final energy report.

Part 2: Energy Report (80%)

The energy report should be concise, relevant, useful and meaningful to the reader. An example outline is given below.

Scope of the report

The report should include:
• Data analysis from the energy audit of the site including energy consumption and cost plus the resulting carbon dioxide emissions (this might be for the entire building)
• At least one management (behavioural) recommendation such as energy policy, monitoring and targeting or staff awareness.
• At least two technical recommendations based on technical measures such as replacement lighting, heating or boilers, lighting and heating controls or motors and drives etc.

Report Format:

You must use the template available on the course site. Report Presentation and Format is 5% of the mark:
  • Marks are awarded for the presentation of the report and the general flow and readability of the report.
  • All tables/graphs/figures should have titles and be referenced appropriately (including axis units and titles). It is important to direct the reader to the point you are making with each table/graph/figure.
  • It should be in your own words and indicate references.
  • Use illustrations to help make your point.

The report must include the following sections:

Executive Summary (1 page) (5%)

• Short introduction to project aims
• Short description of methodology and/or areas covered and not covered

Action Plan (1 page) (5%)

  • See Chapter 9 – Energy Reports for example of Action Plan Table
  • Provide recommendations summary or Action Plan Table
  • Summarise the benefits of implementing the measures with capital costs if possible
  • Specific risks or uncertainties
    • i.e. if recommendations based on limited or missing information
  • Benchmark performance if relevant
  • No new information should be in this section – it is a stand-alone summary of the report recommendations

Introduction (1 page) (5%)

  • Outline the boundary and scope of the project in your own words
  • Provide clear objectives and background information
  • Provide site energy usage and cost figures

Energy Audit (2 to 3 pages) (30%)

  • Review and present available energy data in terms of kWh, £ and carbon dioxide. State any assumptions such as:
    • Dates for the data
    • Energy unit rates
    • Whether Climate Change Levy is included (VAT should be excluded in costs)
  • Provide current position with regard to energy consumption and compare with the available benchmarks
  • Highlight areas for improvement
  • The hierarchy of energy sources using estimations or benchmarks. At a minimum note the largest energy consumers.
  • Narrative to draw the reader’s attention to the key points from the audit
  • Analysis of the energy management strengths and weakness using the Energy Management Matrix.
    • Strengths and weaknesses should be noted with the management recommendation based around the weak areas.
    • Scoring used to analyse the energy management of the site.

Energy Survey Recommendations (2 to 3 pages) (30%)

  • Highlight areas for improvement (be descriptive regarding your observations and research)
  • Recommend potential improvement measures and solutions
  • Estimated savings clearly noted for each recommendation in terms of kWh, £ and carbon dioxide (calculations should be shown in an appendix)
  • Provide insight into risk and barriers for each recommendation
  • Provide next steps for implementation

Appendix (no page limit)

  • Provide background data that made up your energy audit, perhaps you may also want to refer to other graphs/information in the appendix rather than putting it all in the main body of the report
  • Provide calculations and assumptions for energy saving opportunities
  • Provide any extra diagrams/tables that are relevant to aid your main report

Case Study: Cavendish Street Primary School

Background

In April 2022, Mrs Smith, headteacher of Cavendish Street Primary School has approached our energy firm to commission a Level 1 energy audit for the school. The following objectives has been agreed as the main objectives for this work:
  • Review energy data provided and make assessment.
  • Based on the energy management assessment make an outline plan for the next 12-18 months. This should form the basis of one of the opportunities to save energy.
  • Provide an assessment of energy savings opportunities based on the evidence provided and energy audit observations.
  • Provide a formal energy report outlining the findings and provide supporting evidence.
  • Give a short presentation to the senior leadership of the school outlining the preliminary analysis, potential saving opportunities and next steps.

This should be an outline energy survey that will allow for the next step of specification and tender of opportunities. It will form the basis of whether to develop the opportunities or not. Any assumption made should be stated so that they can be adjusted, and an outline explanation should be provided to the client.

General Overview

Cavendish Street Primary School provides education for 233 children in the 5 to 12 years age range. There are 12 teachers and 6 support staff at the school. The school building was built in the 1920s and the floor area is approximately 2,359sqm. The walls are solid sandstone and the roof is pitched slate (the building was re-roofed in 2009). All windows are double glazed. The building is due to be rewired in 2026 – several funding issues delayed the plans to improve energy efficiency of the building and the new senior management is very concerned about the impact of high energy costs on the school’s finances and pupils education.

Lighting is generally provided by fluorescent tubes; with T8 (25mm) tubes in switch start fittings. There are 358 lamps throughout the building. These were converted from the T12 fittings and during the re-wiring it is thought that the lighting should be upgraded, mainly as the lamp fittings are past their useful life. Additionally, the school could do with some modernisation.

Heating and hot water is provided by a bank of six Hamworthy NGR 320 boilers (each rated at 75kW input) connected to a common header from which three zones are supplied heat. Staff at the school do not know the function or destination of any of the zones, they were not marked either. Hot water is provided by the boilers and stored in a calorifier of 1,000 litres capacity. This also supplies water to the canteen.

The heating distribution system has old cast iron radiators which are fed from a single pipe system, which means that the radiators at the furthest extremities of the system are likely to be colder than those closest to the boilers. There are no thermostatic valves fitted to any of the radiators for local temperature room control. Members of staff often report that it is difficult to maintain comfortable conditions in the school when the heating is on, with some areas becoming over heated – this is common in one-pipe systems. There is no local or zone control. Overheating also occurs with the whole school being heated to provide warmth in one room for after-school clubs or community uses.

The school is situated in Central Scotland (Degree day region West of Scotland). The table below shows the available energy data provided by the school’s finance team from the energy invoices (the actual bills were not available at the time of the audit!):


Elec (kWh)
 Gas (kWh)
 Total (kWh)
 Elec (£)
 Gas (£)
 Total (£)
Apr-21
5,853
16,301
22,154
£640
£495
£1,135
May-21
5,648
11,393
17,041
£646
£349
£995
Jun-21
4,832
11,026
15,858
£554
£338
£892
Jul-21
3,327
9,552
12,879
£383
£303
£686
Aug-21
5,160
8,676
13,836
£586
£280
£866
Sep-21
6,918
8,396
15,314
£870
£271
£1,141
Oct-21
6,512
22,906
29,418
£964
£1,028
£1,992
Nov-21
7,665
27,800
35,465
£1,223
£1,290
£2,513
Dec-21
7,283
28,727
36,010
£1,149
£1,333
£2,482
Jan-22
7,907
32,537
40,444
£1,240
£1,510
£2,750
Feb-22
7,615
30,586
38,201
£1,193
£1,420
£2,613
Mar-22
7,201
33,863
41,064
£1,062
£1,572
£2,634
TOTAL 75,921
241,763
317,684
£10,510
£10,189
£20,699
The finance team of the school explained that the school does not pay CCL, but has VAT charged at 5%, and both gas and electricity supplies are simply on a one tariff structure, ( Consumption × tariff). Also, it was explained that there is standing charge. The service charge for electricity is £126 per year and for gas £86.There are two primary meters in the school, one for gas and one for electricity. Neither is capable of half hourly readings and it is believed that they are only read by the supplier once a month.

Energy Management Assessment

Energy Management Matrix was used to assess the school’s strengths and weakness in their approach to energy management. During the energy audit, it was realised that the staff would be keen to use energy management opportunities to involve the students in understanding the wider environmental issues where possible. With this being a primary school, all children are younger than 12. The school calendar year is last week in August until the last full week in June.

The Energy Management Matrix below was filled in during the energy audit visit and during the start- up meeting with the School’s senior management team who sponsored the project. The shaded cells represent current achievement levels.Page 6 of 3

Level
 Policy
 Organising
 Training
 Performance Measurement
 Communicating
 Investment
4
Energy policy,
Action Plan and
regular review
have active
commitment of
top management

Fully integrated
into management
structure with
clear
accountability for
energy
consumption

Appropriate and
comprehensive
staff training
tailored to
identified needs,
with evaluation

Comprehensive
performance
measurement
against targets
with effective
management
reporting

Extensive
communication of
energy issues within
and outside of
organisation

Resources routinely committed to
energy
efficiency in
support of
business
objectives
3 Formal policy but no active commitment from top management Clear line management accountability for consumption and responsibility for improvement Energy training targeted at major users following training needs analysis Weekly performance measurement for each process, unit, or building Regular staff briefings, performance reporting and energy promotion Same appraisal criteria used as for other cost reduction projects
2 Un-adopted Policy
 Some delegation of responsibility but line managementand authorityunclear Ad-Hoc internal training for selected people as required  Monthly monitoring by fuel type
Some use of company communication mechanisms to promote energy efficiency

Low or medium cost measures considered if short payback period
1 An unwritten set of guidelines Informal, mostly focused on energy supply Technical staff occasionally attend specialist courses Invoice checking only Ad-Hoc informal contacts used to promote energy efficiency Only low or no cost measures taken
0 No explicit energy Policy No delegation of responsibility for managing energy No energy related staff training provided No measurement of energy costs or consumptions No communication or promotion of issues energy No investment in improving energy efficiency

Energy Saving Opportunities

During the energy audit several energy saving opportunities have been identified. The final energy report must include:
  • At least one management recommendation such as energy policy, monitoring and targeting or staff awareness. Bearing in mind this is a primary school; the recommendations should help improve energy management in the building. It would need to be implemented on the whole by the teaching staff with some support from others including students. In providing a plan, think of who would need to be involved and the timescales for the next 12-18 months.
  • At least two recommendations based on technical measures such as replacement lighting, heating or boilers, lighting and heating controls or motors and drives.
Areas to look at as suggested by the energy auditor taken from the energy survey:
1. Provide an Energy Management improvement plan made on the energy management matrix and your ideas to improve Energy Management in a school.

In the energy audit it should be noticeable that holiday periods have a relatively high consumption. Make an assessment of this opportunity to avoid this wasteful practice and include this in the energy management opportunities plan.

2. Outline appraisal of changing T8 switch start lighting to LED type fittings in the classrooms.

There are 9 classrooms with 6 twin fittings of 58W (5ft linear) in each and a chalk board single fitting. Each classroom is 7.5m wide and 10m long. The ceiling height is 3.2m but the current lights are suspended by 0.5m. The desks are 0.7m from the ground. The length of the classroom has 2.5 metre windows.

In your assessment consider controls and the whole life costs of the new lighting over a 10 year life.

Hint:

You should look to change the existing fittings to linear LED types which shall provide an average lux level of 500 lux and a glare rating below 19.

Useful tools (it is not compulsory to use these tools):

Dialux Lighting Software – free from website and can use most manufacturers lighting files https://www.dialux.com/en-GB/download

EnergyPlus Software – EnergyPlus is a free whole building energy simulation program that engineers, architects, and researchers use to model both energy consumption—for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting and plug and process loads—and water use in buildings - https://energyplus.net/
3. Review new boilers

The boilers require to be changed as they are currently running at 73% efficiency, have broken down often (and trip out) and past their useful life. Provide an outline of the savings available and provide a budget cost to replace the boilers with new boilers. Provide an outline of what a services engineer should consider when he replaces them. Use some sample illustrations for the engineer to refer to. Assume that the boilers can be replaced in the next school holidays and that there is enough space in the boiler house for most arrangements that can be sourced.

4. Review splitting the heating and hot water with a direct fired condensing water heater.

Provide an outline of the savings available if the calorifier is to be replaced with a direct fired condensing water heater. Provide outline details of what should be considered and also make an assessment on what size of water heater would be likely from the information you have. Provide samples and an outline of what should be considered.

5. Provide an outline assessment of installing optimum start/stop and compensation controls to the new boiler installation.

Outline what you would expect a new control system to have for a property of this size and function. Provide an approximation of the installation of control and a payback based on optimum start/stop and weather compensation.

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