Hello, if you have any need, please feel free to consult us, this is my wechat: wx91due

COMP213 Final Project

In this project, you will implement a command-line interpreter or shell. The shell should operate in this basic way: when you type in a command (in response to its prompt), the shell creates a child process that executes the command you entered and then prompts for more user input when it has finished.

The shells you implement will be similar to, but much simpler than, the one you run every day in Unix. You can find out which  shell you  are running by typing  echo $SHELL at a prompt. You may then wish to look at the man pages for sh or the shell you are running (more  likely  tcsh or  bash)  to learn more about all of the functionality that can be present. For this project, you do not need to implement much functionality.

but you will need to be able to handle running  multiple  commands simultaneously.

Your shell can be run in two ways: interactive and batch. In interactive mode, you will display a prompt (any string of your choosing), and the user of the shell will type in a command at the prompt. In batch mode, your shell is started by specifying a batch file on its command line; the batch file contains the list of commands that should be executed. In batch mode, you should not display a prompt. In batch mode, you should echo each line you read from the batch file back to the user before executing it; this will help you when you debug your shell (and us when we test your programs). In both interactive and batch mode, your shell stops accepting new commands when it sees the quit command on a line or reaches the end of the input stream (i.e., the end of the batch file or the user types 'Ctrl-D'). The shell should then exit after all running processes have terminated.

Each line (of the batch file or typed at the prompt) may contain multiple commands separated with the  ; character. Each of the commands separated by a  ; should be run simultaneously, or concurrently. (Note that this is different behavior than standard Linux shells which run these commands one at a time, in order.) The shell should not print the next prompt or take more input until all of these commands have finished executing (the wait() and/or waitpid() system  calls may be useful here). For example, the following lines are all valid and have reasonable commands specified:

prompt>

prompt> ls

prompt> /bin/ls prompt> ls -l

prompt> ls -l ; cat file

prompt> ls -l ; cat file ; grep foo file2

For example, on the last line, the commands ls -l, cat file and grep foo file2 should all be running at the same time; as a result, you may see that their output is intermixed.

To exit the shell, the user can type quit. This should just exit the shell and be done with it (the exit() system call will be useful here). Note that quit is a built-in shell command; it is not to be executed like other programs the user types in. If the "quit" command is on the same line with other commands, you should ensure that the other commands execute (and finish) before you exit your shell.

These are all valid examples for quitting the shell.

prompt> quit

prompt> quit ; cat file prompt> cat file ; quit

This project is not as hard as it may seem at first reading (or perhaps it doesn't seem that hard at all, which is good!); in fact, the code you write will be much smaller than this specification. Writing your shell in a simple manner is a matter of finding the relevant library routines  and  calling them properly. Your  finished programs will probably be under 200 lines, including comments. If you find that you are writing a lot of code, it probably means that you  are  doing  something wrong  and  should  take  a break  from hacking and instead think about what you are trying to do.

Program Specifications

Your program must be invoked exactly as follows: shell [batchFile]

The command line arguments to your shell are to be interpreted as follows.

batchFile:  an  optional  argument  (often  indicated  by  square  brackets  as above). If present, your shell will read each line of the batchFile for commands to be executed. If not present, your shell will run in interactive mode by printing a prompt to the user at stdout and reading the command from stdin.

For example, if you run your program as shell /u/j/v/batchfile then your program will read commands from  /u/j/v/batchfile until it sees the quit command.

Defensive programming is an important concept in operating systems:  an  OS can't simply fail when it encounters an error; it must check all parameters before it trusts them. In general, there should be no circumstances in which your C program will core dump,  hang  indefinitely,  or prematurely  terminate.  Therefore,  your  program  must respond to all input in a reasonable  manner;  by "reasonable",  we  mean  print  an understandable error message and either continue processing or exit, depending upon the situation.

You should consider the following situations as errors; in each case, your shell should print a message (to stderr) and exit gracefully:

1. An incorrect number of command line arguments to your shell program.

2. The batch file does not exist or cannot be opened.

For the following situation, you should print a message to the user (stderr) and continue processing:

A command does not exist or cannot be executed.

Optionally, to make coding your shell easier, you may print an error  message  and continue processing in the following situation:

A very long command line (for this project, over 512 characters including the ‘\n').

Your shell should also be able to handle the following scenarios, which are not errors (i.e., your shell should not print an error message):

An empty command line.

Extra white spaces within a command line.

Batch file ends without quit command or user types 'Ctrl-D' as a command in interactive mode.

In no case should any input or any command-line format cause your shell program to crash or to exit prematurely. You should think carefully about how you want to handle oddly formatted command lines (e.g., lines with no commands between a  ;). In these cases, you may choose to print a warning message and/or execute some subset of the commands. However, in all cases, your shell should continue to execute!

Example problematic input lines that your shell should handle gracefully:

prompt> ; cat file ; grep foo file2 prompt> cat file ; ; grep foo file2

prompt> cat file ; ls -l ;  prompt> cat file ;;;; ls -l prompt> ;; ls -l

prompt> ;