Domain Description

The Central Sydney Hospital (CSH), one of Australia’s leading hospitals, embarked on a major development of an information systems to deliver improved healthcare facilities and services to their patients.

The CSH encompasses four main departments: general, emergency department (ED), pediatrics, and surgery. Each department is identified by a unique name and may have different daily operating hours. The general department operating hours are 10am to 8pm daily, whilst the emergency department is open 24 hours a day. A department may include wards which are either general or specialised Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where each wardiscomposed of one or more beds. Different beds have distinctive comfort levels, dimensions (length and width), and mattress thickness, and hence have a different “bed cost” associated with it. The CSH has a pediatrics department that includes state-of-the-art wards and ICU, and five operating theatres in addition to the seven within the surgery department. The staff allocation and headcount within a department must be tracked to assist with future staffing requirements.

Staff working for the CSH must have their full name, mobile, address, and salary recorded. A staff can be either a doctor, nurse, or other allied health staff such as dietitian, interpreter, etc. A doctor must be qualified in at least one medical specialty but not more than five. The related training date and level of proficiency must be kept to maintain compliance. Some nurses working with children must have a Working with Children Check (WWCC) as a clearance. The clearance check is valid for three years and the CSH monitors the validity to ensure compliance.
All patients treated at the CSH must register their personal information including full name, email, address, dateofbirth, mobile, emergency contact name and phone, and an insurance number. In the case of the emergency, upon arrival, a triage nurse assesses the patient’s conditions to prioritise treatment based on severity. Patients may also enter through other departments for a planned admission. They enter through the ED due to urgent care or critical conditions. Other details such as the admission date and time, nurse, and CSH doctor involved should also be recorded. For a planned admission, patients must specify the referring health practitioner, and a unique reference number provided by the referring practitioner. For an emergency admission, no information about a referring partitioner is required.

Once a patient is discharged on a date, a billing statement is generated describing the services provided, total cost, amount covered by insurance, and remaining balance owed by the patient. The patient receives an invoice for the amount owing, which can only be paid through credit cards. The credit card details used for paying the owing balance must be recorded for accounting and reporting. These include the credit card number, expiry date, cardholder name, and card verification value (CVV).

Additional details

In addition to the model captured through your ER diagram, the following details apply:

1.    Fields in a tuple related to dates and/or times should always have values.

2.    The length and width of a bed should always have values greater than zero, but not exceed 2.13 m and 1.27 m respectively. The mattress thickness should always have a value between 15.24 cm and 17.78 cm.

3.    All attributes in a tuple relating to details about a name should always have values.

4.    The staff’s salary should always be greater than nil.

5.   Patients must have a specified email address.

6.    A bill should always have a total cost of greater than nil, but not exceed $50000.

7.    The owing balance and amount covered by insurance should not be a negative value.

Task 1: Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

In your first task, assume that the CSH has recruited you as a database designer to develop a conceptual model, described inan ER diagram, to represent the database design of their healthcare information system.

Task 2: Relational Database Design & Modelling

Your second task is to design and create a relational database schema based on the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) modelled from the first task. In particular, your solution should include:

•     A Relational Model mapping of the ERD which describes the tables and attributes with appropriate data types to capture all information in the model (please use the same names as in your ER diagram for naming tables and attributes);

•     Creation of the database schema using PostgreSQL which include the appropriate PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY constraints for all tables;

•     Correct foreign key specifications including ON DELETE clauses where suitable;

•     Appropriate additional integrity constraints expressed by means of NOT NULL or CHECK clauses;

•     INSERT statements to populate each relation with at least one record, to demonstrate a database instance consistent with the ER model.

Escaping PostgreSQL keywords in DDL

If you need to escape PostgreSQL keywords like “Table”, you will need to use double quotes. e.g. CREATE TABLE “Table” (…);

Q&A

Q: How to draw the link from foreign key in a table to its referenced candidate key in another table if the foreign key contains more than one attributes?

A: You should draw it in the same way to the following RM diagram (specifically, see the Sell table). You can use any of the available tools such asdraw.io, Visio,Lucidchart, Excalidraw, etc. to draw your diagram.

Marking

This assignment is worth 16% of your final grade for the unit of study. Your group’s submission will be marked according to the attached rubric (see last section of this assignment description).

Group member participation

If members of your group  do not contribute sufficiently, you should alert the unit coordinator as soon as possible. The course instructor has the discretion to scale the group’s mark for each member as follows:

Percentage of contribution	Proportion of final grade received
< 5% contribution	0%

5 - 10% contribution	20%
11 - 15% contribution	40%
16 - 20% contribution	50%
21 - 24% contribution	60%
25 - 28% contribution	80%
29 - 30% contribution	90%
> 30% contribution	100%

Note: The above table assumes that each group will have 3 members, so, on average, around 33% contribution is expected from each member of the group. In special case, if a group has less than 3 members then the contribution percentage will be adjusted  accordingly. You must justify  your contribution percentage by providing a detailed explanation of your individual contribution on the assignment coversheet mentioned before. You must also regularly record and maintain a diary of your group meetings and discussions on Canvas. Furthermore, we may run random face- to-face interviews to understand and justify your contribution, if needed.