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PSYC1030 Introduction – Nailing the “Style” criterion
The final criterion for your scientific ‘lab’ report Introduction assignment is “Style” :
When writing a scientific ‘lab’ report in the field of psychology, we use the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition formatting style. Although the APA 7th manual outlines 200+ pages worth of formatting rules, for your PSYC1030 Introduction assignment, we’d like for you to focus on the following six aspects:
1. Professional title for study
2. In-text citations
3. Full reference list
4. General formatting
• Double-spaced
• No empty lines between paragraphs
• Times New Roman, 12-point font
• Indent first line of every paragraph
• Section headings (for the Introduction section + References section)
5. Writing
• Active voice
• Past tense
• Spelling
• Grammar
• Avoid acronyms
6. Word count
• Strict 1,000 word limit (no 10% leeway; includes in-text citations, excludes full reference list + title)
Pages 2 and 3 of this document outline the basic APA 7th formatting rules for in-text citations and writing the full reference list. Given that (almost) all of your references will be journal articles and potentially the PSYC1030 LearnX online lecture videos, the following citation guidelines will focus on these two types of sources.
Other resources
• The best way to see how the above six formatting guidelines apply to your PSYC1030 Introduction
assignment would be to checkout the Mock Introduction. There’s nothing clearer than a concrete example!
o The Mock Introduction will be released after the Week 9 tutorial session in the Blackboard Assessment -> Lab report Introduction + References folder
• Before you submit your lab report assessments, go through your draft using the “Style checklist” at the end of this document to make sure you didn’tmiss anything
In-text citations 101
Golden rules
• All in-text citations should ONLY include the LAST NAME of the authors. No first/middle names or initials.
• Use the symbol ‘&’ when author names are WITHIN parentheses, write out the word ‘and’ when OUTSIDE parentheses
Primary sources
1) Work by ONE author in first instance of mention and beyond
• Mori (1970) found that …
• We find highly-realistic humanoid robots unnerving (Mori, 1970).
2) Work by TWO authors in first instance of mention and beyond – List last names of BOTH authors in each instance
• Seyama and Nagayama (2007) argued that …
• Humanoid robots are unnerving because of their abnormal facial features (Seyama & Nagayama, 2007).
3) Work by THREE or more authors in first instance of mention and beyond – Only list last name of FIRST AUTHOR, followed by “et al.” to refer to the rest of the authors
• Gray et al.’s (2007) study found …
• Experience accounts for more variance than agency in ascribing the mind (Gray et al., 2007)
4) Scientific information or definition of terminology presented in the PSYC1030 LearnX online lecture videos without reference to specific research studies
• Infants prefer to look at novel visual stimuli (The University of Queensland, 2022).
• When infants engage in referential pointing, they use their fingers to direct other people’s attention to an object they wish to communicate about (The University of Queensland, 2022).
Secondary sources
If you decide to include details about someone’s theories or studies that were referenced in an article that you read, but you DID NOT read the original work from which these details came from, then you need to use secondary citations.
For example,in the first paragraph of the Broeschetal. (2011) article, they refer to Amsterdam (1972) as the source of the idea that self-reaching behaviour in the mirror self-recognition testis a measure of self-concept. If you would like to include this idea in your lab report, but you HAVE NOT read the original Amsterdam (1972) article, then you would use a secondary citation like this – cite the original source, followed by “as cited in” and the source from which YOU found the information:
• Amsterdam (1972, as cited in Broeschetal., 2011) argued that …
• Self-reaching behaviour suggests that infants have self-concept (Amsterdam, 1972, as cited in Broeschetal., 2011).
The same concept applies for work you have heard about in your PSYC1030 LearnX online lectures wherein reference to a specific research study was provided, but you have not read the work itself:
• Meltzoff and Moore (1977, as cited in The University of Queensland, 2022) argued that …
• Newborn babies imitate facial expressions displayed by adults (Meltzoff & Moore, 1997, as cited in The University of Queensland, 2022).
Note: In your full reference section, you do NOT include full references for the original sources. So, for the first example, you will include the full reference for Broeschetal. (2011), but NOT Amsterdam (1972). For the second example, you will include the full reference for The University of Queensland (2022), but NOT Meltzoff and Moore (1997).
Full reference list 101
Golden rules
• The full reference list should be provided on a new, separate page
• Subheading for your full reference section should be “ References”. Top, centred, bold-faced, same font as rest of the manuscript (no italics or underlining).
• Full reference section should be DOUBLE-spaced
• Full reference section should be formatted using HANGING indent, where all lines after the first line of each reference should be indented. To do this, you highlight all the references 
right click 
“Paragraph” 
Indentation “Special” 
select “Hanging”
• All references should be listed in ALPHABETICAL order, based on the first authors’ last names
• Include full references for all sources (except original work in secondary citations) that were cited in-text
• Do NOT include full references for original sources of secondary citations
• Do NOT number the reference list
• All references should include the lastname of the authors AND the first/middle initials
• Use the symbol ‘&’ when listing multiple authors
Journal articles
Full reference for journal articles follows the format of:
1) Names of all authors – last names followed by first/middle initials
2) Publication year in parentheses, followed by period
3) Title of article – Only capitalize first word and proper nouns, followed by period
4) Title of journal, volume number – Italicise
5) Issue number – In parentheses straight after the volume number, not italicised
6) Page number of the article – Not italicised, followed by period
7) If available, put in the DOI for the article at the end
Example:
Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2012). Feeling robots and human zombies: mind perception and the uncanny valley. Cognition, 125(1), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.06.007
PSYC1030 LearnX online lectures
Full reference for PSYC1030 LearnX online lectures follows the format of:
1) Name of institution responsible
2) Publication year in parentheses, followed by period
3) Title of lecture video – Only capitalize first word and proper nouns, italicised
4) Type of format – In brackets, followed by period
5) Site information, followed by period
6) Web address
Example:
The University of Queensland (2022). Infancy - What are babies capable of? Senses: Vision [Video]. UQ LearnX https://learnx.uq.edu.au/courses/course-v1:UQ+PSYC1030S_7220_25582+LearnX/courseware/803e88
PSYC1030 Lab Report Assessment – “Style” checklist
Before you submit your written Introduction, carefully walk through your drafts using this checklist:
1. Professional title for your study
Did you include the title in a separate title page (centre, bold-faced)?
Does your title adequately and accurately capture the key methodological details of your study? Is your title appropriate to be used for a published journal article?
Does your title page include an originality statement?
Did you additionally include your title at the top, centre of your Introduction section (bold-faced)?
2. In-text citations
Do all your in-text citations ONLY include last names of the authors (no initials, first names, middle names)? Do all your in-text citations include the appropriate year of publication?
For all in-text citations with TWO authors, are the last names of BOTH authors identified in EVERY citation?
For all in-text citations with three or more authors, is only the last name of the FIRST AUTHOR identified, followed by “et al.”?
For all in-text citations with author names WITHIN parentheses, is the ‘&’ written as a symbol?
For all in-text citations with author names OUTSIDE parentheses, is the ‘and’ written out as a word?
When mentioning multiple in-text citations within parentheses, are the citations separated by a semi-colon?
When mentioning multiple in-text citations within parentheses, are they in alphabetical order based on the last name of the first author?
When citing sources that you did NOT read the original piece of work, did you cite the original source in the context of the secondary citation?
3. Full reference list
Does your full reference list start with the section heading “References” (bold-faced, top-centre, no quotation marks)?
Is your reference list DOUBLE-spaced?
Is your reference list using the HANGING indent?
Are your references in ALPHABETICAL order based on the last names of the first authors?
Did you include afull reference for all references that were cited in-text? (but NOT the original sources of secondary citations)
For those that were secondary cited in-text, are only the SECONDARY sources (i.e., not the original sources) included in the full reference list?
Does each of your full references list the lastname, first initial (then middle initial) of EACH of the authors? Does each of your full references use the symbol ‘&’ between the second-to-last and last author?
For each of your full references, are the author names followed by the publication year in parentheses?
For each of your full references for journal articles, does the title of the article follow the publication year? Is only the first letter of the title capitalised (with the exception of proper nouns)?
For each of your full references for journal articles, does the name of the journal and volume number follow the article title? Are these ITALICISED?
For each of your full references for journal articles, have you included the issue number in parentheses straight after the volume number?
For each of your full references for journal articles, do the page numbers follow the issue number?
For each of your full references for journal articles, have you included the DOI link after the page numbers?
4. General formatting
Is your entire manuscript (including title + full reference list) DOUBLE-spaced?
Is your entire manuscript (including titles + section headings) in Times New Roman, 12-point font? Are your ideas organised in paragraphs?
Did you eliminate any empty lines between paragraphs? Is the first line of each paragraph INDENTED?
Is your study title the section heading for your Introduction (NOT the word “Introduction”)?
Does your full reference list start on a new page with the section heading “References” (bold-faced, top- centre, no quotation marks)?
Are each of your section headings CENTRED?
5. Writing
When at all possible, did you use the ACTIVE voice instead of the passive voice? When describing previous studies, did you use PAST tense?
When introducing your study overview, did you use PAST tense? Did you check for spelling errors?
Did you check for grammatical errors?
Did you avoid using acronyms unless readers are more familiar with the acronym than the complete form?
6. Word count
Is your Introduction (includes in-text citations; excludes full reference list, title at the top of the Introduction section + title page) at or under 1,000 words? (no 10% buffer!)